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Matt. 18:1–20:34 The Community of the Messiah Revealed. This is the fourth of Jesus' five major discourses in Matthew's Gospel (see Introduction: Key Themes; Literary Features). As his earthly ministry draws to a close, Jesus has spent considerable time clarifying his identity and mission (chs. 14–17). He instructs his disciples on the nature of his covenant community, explaining the kingdom community's characteristics (18:1–35), its implications for the sanctity of marriage (19:1–12), and its value (19:13–20:34).
Matt. 18:1–35 Characteristics of Life in the Kingdom Community. Jesus instructs the disciples about the kind of community life that will characterize their relationships with one another and with the world at large.
Matt. 8:1–9:38 The Authoritative Power of the Messiah: Kingdom Power Demonstrated. Jesus has shown himself as the Messiah in word through his teaching (chs. 5–7) and now shows himself to be the Messiah in deed through the performance of many miracles, demonstrating that the kingdom of God truly has arrived.
Matt. 8:1–9:8 Healings, Discipleship, and Overpowering Satan's Strongholds. Jesus' mission involves ministering to the marginalized (8:1–17), disappointing the messianic expectations of some who wanted to follow him (8:18–22), and overthrowing Satan's strongholds (8:23–9:8).
Matt. 8:2–3 leper. The OT provided specific guidelines for the examination and treatment of those with a variety of skin diseases, generally called leprosy, many of which were highly contagious (see Leviticus 13–14). Lord (Gk. kyrios) is the title of respect (similar to “Sir”) that people commonly used when they came to Jesus for aid, though in contexts that show knowledge of its OT background it can be an affirmation of deity (see note on 1 Cor. 12:4–6). make me clean. Not only was leprosy a disease, it made the leper as well as anyone who touched him ceremonially unclean (Lev. 13:45–46; Num. 5:2–4; cf. Leviticus 15). But when Jesus touched him, he was healed, and Jesus did not become unclean.