ESV Study Bible | English Standard Version
Matthew 28:19
19 j Go therefore and k make disciples of l all nations, j baptizing them m in [1] n the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
1 Corinthians 11:20
20 When you come together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat.
1 Corinthians 11:23
23 For x I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that y the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread,
Matthew 26:26-28
Institution of the Lord's Supper
26 v Now as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and w after blessing it broke it and gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat; x this is my body.” 27 And he took a cup, and when he y had given thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, 28 for x this is my z blood of the [2] covenant, which is poured out for a many b for the forgiveness of sins.
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Matt. 28:1–20 The Resurrection and Commission of the Messiah. Matthew's concluding chapter recounts Jesus' resurrection from the dead. His resurrection confirms his identity and that his accomplishment at the cross was accepted by God the Father. Jesus now lives as the faithful companion, master, and Lord of those who respond to his great commission (vv. 16–20).
Matt. 28:16–20 The Risen Jesus' Great Commission. As the resurrected Lord, Jesus calls upon his followers to make disciples of all people groups through the preaching of the gospel of the kingdom.
Matt. 28:19 The imperative (make disciples, that is, call individuals to commit to Jesus as Master and Lord) explains the central focus of the Great Commission, while the Greek participles (translated go, baptizing, and “teaching” [v. 20]) describe aspects of the process. all nations. Jesus' ministry in Israel was to be the beginning point of what would later be a proclamation of the gospel to all the peoples of the earth, including not only Jews but also Gentiles. The name (singular, not plural) of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is an early indication of the Trinitarian Godhead and an overt proclamation of Jesus' deity.
Matt. 26:1–27:66 The Crucified Messiah. Matthew narrates the events leading to Jesus' death: (1) the Passover and Lord's Supper and events in Gethsemane (26:1–46); (2) Jesus' arrest, trials, and conviction (26:47–27:26); and (3) Jesus' flogging, crucifixion, death, and burial (27:27–66).
Matt. 26:17–35 The Passover and the Lord's Supper. Jesus and his disciples prepare for, and then partake in, the Passover meal. Jesus reveals his betrayer and institutes the Lord's Supper.
Matt. 26:26 bread . . . this is my body. Jesus' body will be the once-and-for-all fulfillment of the ceremonies surrounding the Passover lamb and other OT sacrifices, as he will become the sacrificial atonement for the sins of the people.
Matt. 26:27 cup. Most likely the third of four cups at the Passover—the cup of blessing, or the cup of redemption—corresponding to God's third promise in Ex. 6:6: “I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great acts of judgment.”
Matt. 26:28 blood of the covenant. The cup foreshadows the shedding of Jesus' blood and the absorbing of God's wrath, which opens the way for the redemption of all peoples through the new covenant relationship with God that was promised to the people of Israel (cf. Jer. 31:31, 34).
